Overview
Cradle cap is a form of seborrheic dermatitis that affects the scalps of infants. It is not harmful and is usually resolved by the time a child is 1 year old.
Cradle cap is very common and does not cause discomfort to most babies. It is not a sign of poor hygiene or an allergy, and it is not contagious.
Symptoms
Symptoms include yellow or white crusty flakes, redness, and sometimes mild scaling on the scalp. It can also affect the eyebrows, ears, or diaper area.
- Yellow or white crusty flakes on the scalp
- Redness of the affected area
- Mild scaling and flakiness
- Flaky patches on eyebrows and ears
- Flaky patches in the diaper area (less common)
In most cases, cradle cap does not itch and does not bother the baby. However, some infants may experience mild discomfort.
Causes
The exact cause is unknown, but it is thought to be due to an overproduction of skin oils (sebum) and a yeast called Malassezia.
- Overactive sebaceous (oil) glands in the scalp
- Presence of Malassezia yeast on the skin
- Maternal hormones that may stimulate oil production in the baby
Cradle cap is not caused by poor hygiene, and it is not an allergy. It is also not contagious.
Treatment
Treatment involves gentle washing with a mild baby shampoo, and using baby oil or petroleum jelly to soften the scales before washing.
- Wash the baby's scalp gently with a mild baby shampoo
- Apply baby oil or petroleum jelly to soften the scales before washing
- Use a soft brush or comb to gently loosen the scales after softening
- Rinse thoroughly and pat dry
- Avoid picking or scratching the scales
- If the condition persists, a pediatrician may recommend a medicated shampoo
Most cases of cradle cap clear up on their own within a few weeks to months with regular gentle care.
When to See a Doctor
If the scales are severe, spread, or become infected, see a pediatrician.
- The affected area becomes red, swollen, or warm
- There is oozing or pus
- The baby seems uncomfortable or is scratching the area
- The condition spreads to other parts of the body
- The cradle cap does not improve with home care
A pediatrician can recommend appropriate treatment and rule out other skin conditions.