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Common Cold

The common cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract, causing a runny nose, sore throat, cough, and mild discomfort.

Overview

The common cold is one of the most frequent illnesses, especially in children. It is a mild viral infection that usually resolves on its own within 7-10 days.

Person with common cold symptoms blowing nose

The common cold affects millions of people worldwide each year.

Symptoms

Symptoms include a runny or stuffy nose, sneezing, sore throat, cough, headache, and mild fatigue. Fever is rare in adults but more common in children.

Common cold symptoms including runny nose and sore throat

Typical cold symptoms include nasal congestion, sneezing, and sore throat.

Runny nose as a symptom of the common cold Sore throat caused by a cold virus Cough associated with the common cold

Causes

Colds are caused by various viruses, most commonly rhinoviruses. They are spread through respiratory droplets or by touching contaminated surfaces.

Rhinovirus responsible for the common cold

Rhinoviruses are the most common cause of colds.

Treatment

Treatment focuses on symptom relief: rest, hydration, over-the-counter medications for pain and congestion, and throat lozenges.

Over-the-counter cold medications and remedies

Rest, fluids, and OTC medications help manage cold symptoms.

Resting and staying hydrated during a cold Over-the-counter cold and flu medicine Throat lozenges for sore throat relief

When to See a Doctor

See a doctor if symptoms are severe, last more than 10 days, or are accompanied by high fever or difficulty breathing.

Doctor evaluating a patient with cold symptoms

Seek medical attention for persistent or severe cold symptoms.