Overview
Celiac disease is a serious genetic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When people with celiac disease eat gluten, their body mounts an immune response that damages the villi of the small intestine, leading to malabsorption.
Symptoms
Symptoms vary widely and can include diarrhea, bloating, gas, fatigue, anemia, weight loss, and skin rash (dermatitis herpetiformis). Some people may have no symptoms, a condition known as silent celiac disease.
Causes
Celiac disease has a genetic component and can be triggered by environmental factors such as viral infections or significant emotional stress. The exact trigger for the onset of the disease is not fully understood.
Treatment
The only effective treatment is a strict, lifelong gluten-free diet. This means avoiding all foods containing wheat, barley, and rye. Many gluten-free alternatives are available.
When to See a Doctor
See a doctor if you have persistent digestive issues, unexplained weight loss, or chronic fatigue, especially if you have a family history of celiac disease.