Overview
A cataract is a common eye condition where the normally clear lens becomes cloudy, leading to vision problems. They develop slowly and often go unnoticed initially. Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide but are treatable with surgery.
Symptoms
Symptoms include cloudy or blurry vision, difficulty seeing at night, sensitivity to light, glare or halos around lights, faded colors, and double vision in one eye. Frequent changes in eyeglass prescriptions can also be a sign.
Causes
Most cataracts are age-related. Other causes include diabetes, smoking, excessive sun exposure, eye injuries, and certain medications (like corticosteroids). Genetics can also play a role.
Treatment
In early stages, stronger lighting and glasses can help. When cataracts interfere with daily life, surgery to remove the cloudy lens and replace it with an artificial one (intraocular lens) is the only effective treatment.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience any changes in your vision, especially blurring or glare, have a comprehensive eye exam. Regular eye exams are essential for early detection, especially after age 60.