Overview
Breast cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the cells of the breasts. After skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women in the United States. It can occur in men as well, but it's much rarer. Thanks to advances in screening and treatment, the survival rate has improved significantly.
Symptoms
Symptoms include a new lump in the breast or armpit, thickening or swelling of part of the breast, irritation or dimpling of breast skin, redness or flaky skin in the nipple area, pulling in of the nipple, or discharge from the nipple (other than breast milk). Any change in the breast's shape or size can be a sign.
Causes
While the exact cause is unknown, risk factors include being female, increasing age, family history of breast cancer, inherited gene mutations (like BRCA1 and BRCA2), personal history of breast conditions, and certain lifestyle factors like alcohol consumption.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the stage, grade, and type of breast cancer. Common treatment options include surgery (mastectomy or lumpectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Often, a combination is used.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice any changes in your breasts, such as a new lump or skin changes, see your doctor. Regular mammograms are recommended for women of certain ages to screen for cancer even before symptoms appear.