Overview
Bipolar disorder is a chronic brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks. There are several types of bipolar disorder, and the specific symptoms and pattern of mood changes vary. It is a lifelong condition that requires ongoing management.
Symptoms
Symptoms of a manic or hypomanic episode include abnormally upbeat or irritable mood, increased activity or energy, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, and impulsive behavior. Symptoms of a depressive episode include sadness, emptiness, loss of interest, fatigue, changes in appetite, and suicidal thoughts.
Causes
The exact cause is unknown, but a combination of genetics, brain structure and function, and environmental factors are thought to play a role. Imbalances in brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) are also believed to be involved.
Treatment
Treatment is lifelong and typically involves a combination of medication and psychotherapy. Mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants can help manage symptoms. Therapy, such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), can help patients understand and manage their condition.
When to See a Doctor
If you experience extreme mood swings that interfere with your daily life, see a mental health professional. If you have thoughts of self-harm or suicide, seek emergency help immediately.