Overview

BPPV is a condition of the inner ear where tiny calcium crystals (otoconia) become dislodged and move into the semicircular canals. These canals are responsible for sensing head movement. The displaced crystals cause false signals to be sent to the brain, leading to a spinning sensation when you change head position.

Symptoms

The main symptom is a sudden sensation of spinning (vertigo) that is triggered by certain movements, such as rolling over in bed, getting up quickly, or tilting your head back. Episodes are brief, usually lasting less than a minute, and may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and unsteadiness.

Causes

BPPV is often caused by a head injury, but in many cases, the cause is unknown. It can also be associated with aging, as the inner ear structures naturally degenerate. Rarely, it may be a symptom of another inner ear disorder.

Treatment

The most effective treatment is the Epley maneuver, a series of head movements performed by a doctor or physical therapist that reposition the crystals out of the semicircular canals. Canalith repositioning procedures are often very effective, with a high success rate. Medications may be prescribed to manage nausea.

When to See a Doctor

See a doctor if you experience any episode of vertigo, especially if it is severe, sudden, or accompanied by a headache, hearing loss, or double vision. A doctor can help rule out more serious conditions like a stroke or brain tumor.