Overview

Bacterial vaginosis is a common condition that occurs when the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, with more 'bad' bacteria than 'good' bacteria. It is the most common vaginal infection in women of reproductive age. Although it is not a sexually transmitted infection, it can increase susceptibility to STIs.

Symptoms

Symptoms can include a thin, white or gray vaginal discharge, a strong fishy odor that may be more noticeable after sex, vaginal itching, burning during urination, and mild irritation or burning around the outside of the vagina. Some women may have no symptoms.

Causes

The exact cause is not fully understood, but it involves an overgrowth of several types of bacteria, particularly Gardnerella vaginalis. Factors that can increase risk include having a new sexual partner or multiple partners, douching, and not using condoms.

Treatment

Treatment usually involves antibiotics, either as an oral pill or a topical cream or gel applied inside the vagina. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics, even if symptoms improve. Male partners do not need to be treated.

When to See a Doctor

You should see a doctor if you have any unusual vaginal discharge, odor, or discomfort. Pregnant women or those undergoing IVF should seek prompt medical attention, as BV can be linked to complications.