Overview
Bacterial gastroenteritis is a common illness that occurs when you consume food or water contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Common culprits include Salmonella, E. coli, Campylobacter, and Shigella. The infection affects the digestive tract, causing various uncomfortable gastrointestinal symptoms.
Symptoms
Symptoms can range from mild to severe and typically include watery diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, abdominal cramps and pain, fever, loss of appetite, and in some cases, bloody stools. Symptoms generally appear within a few hours to several days after exposure.
Causes
It is mainly caused by eating undercooked or raw meat, poultry, seafood, or eggs; consuming unpasteurized milk or dairy products; drinking contaminated water; or cross-contamination of foods with bacteria from raw meat. Poor personal hygiene, such as not washing hands after using the toilet, can also contribute to the spread.
Treatment
The primary treatment is staying hydrated by drinking plenty of fluids to replace those lost from diarrhea and vomiting. Oral rehydration solutions are recommended. In severe cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to target the specific bacteria. Over-the-counter anti-diarrheal medications should generally be avoided unless directed by a doctor, as they can prolong the infection.
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical care if you experience high fever (over 101°F or 38.3°C), severe abdominal pain, bloody or black stools, signs of dehydration (such as dizziness, dry mouth, or reduced urine output), or if you are unable to keep fluids down. Pregnant women, young children, and the elderly should see a doctor promptly.