Overview
Bacterial conjunctivitis is a highly contagious eye infection caused by various bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae. It affects the thin, clear membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner eyelid (conjunctiva). It can occur in people of all ages but is especially common in children.
Symptoms
Symptoms often include a red or pink eye, a thick, yellow or green discharge that can cause the eyelids to stick together (especially after sleep), eye pain or irritation, a gritty sensation, and swelling of the eyelids or conjunctiva. It usually starts in one eye but can often spread to the other.
Causes
Bacterial conjunctivitis is caused by direct contact with an infected person's eye secretions or contaminated surfaces. The bacteria can be spread through hand-to-eye contact, sharing personal items like towels or eye makeup, or through respiratory droplets.
Treatment
Treatment often involves antibiotic eye drops or ointments prescribed by a doctor. Warm compresses can help remove crusts and soothe the eye. It is important to complete the full course of antibiotics to ensure the infection is cleared. In mild cases, some infections may resolve on their own without antibiotics.
When to See a Doctor
Consult a doctor if you suspect you have conjunctivitis, especially if you have eye pain, sensitivity to light, blurred vision, or a thick discharge. For newborn babies, it is a medical emergency, and a doctor should be seen immediately.