Overview
Allergic conjunctivitis is a common eye condition characterised by inflammation of the conjunctiva (the clear membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inner eyelid) due to an allergic reaction. It is not contagious and typically affects both eyes. The condition can be seasonal (often triggered by pollen) or perennial (caused by indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander). While it can be uncomfortable, it is rarely serious and usually resolves with treatment and allergen avoidance.
Symptoms
Red eyes, itching, watering. Other common symptoms include swelling of the eyelids, a burning or gritty sensation, sensitivity to light, and blurred vision. Symptoms often occur in both eyes and may be accompanied by nasal allergy symptoms such as sneezing and a runny nose. Itching is the hallmark symptom of allergic conjunctivitis.
Causes
Dust, pollen, pet dander. The condition is triggered by allergens that cause the immune system to release histamine and other inflammatory mediators. Common allergens include tree and grass pollen, dust mites, mould spores, animal dander, and certain cosmetics or eye drops. A family history of allergies or asthma increases the risk.
Treatment
Antihistamines and eye drops. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms and reducing exposure to allergens. Options include antihistamine eye drops, mast cell stabilisers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drops, and artificial tears. Cold compresses can soothe irritation. Oral antihistamines may help if other allergy symptoms are present. Avoiding known allergens is key to long-term management.