Overview
Achilles tendonitis is a common overuse injury that causes inflammation, pain, and stiffness in the Achilles tendon—the large band of tissue that connects your calf muscles to your heel bone. It is particularly frequent among runners, athletes, and individuals who suddenly increase the intensity or duration of their physical activity.
If left untreated, Achilles tendonitis can progress to more severe conditions, such as tendon degeneration (tendinosis) or even tendon rupture. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are essential for a full recovery.
Symptoms
Common signs and symptoms of Achilles tendonitis include:
- Heel pain that worsens with activity
- Stiffness in the ankle, especially in the morning
- Swelling or thickening near the heel
- Pain after exercise or running
- Tenderness along the tendon
- Difficulty walking or climbing stairs
- Pain when running, jumping, or standing on tiptoes
If you experience sudden, severe pain or a popping sound in your heel, you may have a tendon rupture and should seek immediate medical attention.
Causes
Achilles tendonitis is most commonly caused by:
- Overuse — repetitive stress on the tendon from running, jumping, or high-impact sports
- Sudden increase in activity — ramping up exercise intensity or duration too quickly
- Tight calf muscles — reduced flexibility puts extra strain on the tendon
- Improper footwear — shoes that lack adequate support or cushioning
- Poor running mechanics — overpronation or other gait abnormalities
- Age-related changes — tendons become less flexible and more prone to injury with age
Addressing these underlying factors can help prevent recurrence.
Treatment
Most cases of Achilles tendonitis can be managed with conservative treatments:
- Rest — avoid activities that aggravate the pain
- Ice therapy — apply ice packs to reduce swelling and pain
- Physical therapy — stretching and strengthening exercises (especially eccentric exercises)
- Supportive footwear — wear shoes with proper arch support and cushioning
- Anti-inflammatory medications — over-the-counter NSAIDs to reduce pain and inflammation
- Orthotics — heel lifts or shoe inserts to reduce tendon strain
In severe or persistent cases, a doctor may recommend corticosteroid injections, shockwave therapy, or surgery. Always consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice.